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Without him, we would not have the device which you are reading this article on or any other modern computer.ĭuring World War 2, he worked for the British code-breaking centre at Bletchley Park, helping to build the algorithms and machines which broke the previously “uncrackable” Enigma codes used by the Nazis, helping to bring an end to the war.įollowing the war, he used this knowledge to design the Automatic Computing Engine, which was one of the first designs for a stored-program computer. Turing was a British Mathematician and father of the general-purpose computer. He is believed to have been bisexual, having both marriage to a woman and relationship with a man later in life. However, it is a myth that he invented peanut butter (which had been eaten by the Aztecs by the 15th century). In order to encourage the use of peanuts, he is believed to have invented and cataloged many uses of the legume, including 105 recipes and several patents for using peanuts in the production of cosmetics, stains and paints. He rose through the academic fields while researching crop rotation at the Tuskegee Institute, placing particular emphasis on using nitrogen-fixing legumes to improve the conditions of soil depleted by cotton usage. He was at his time once called the “Black Leonardo”.īorn into slavery, Carver’s former master raised him and his brother as their own children, and encouraged them to pursue their intellectual advancement. To this day, if you visit Old Fritz’s grave near Berlin, you will often see people putting a potato on his gravestone like my fiancee is doing in this picture.Ĭarver was an American agricultural scientist, best known for his work with peanuts and sweet potatoes to improve soil quality in the Southern United States. This helped spread the vegetable and give it the respect it now enjoys. What they didn’t know is that Frederick had instructed his guards to not protect the potatoes very well, and sometimes even pretend to be asleep, allowing the peasants to successfully steal some of the crop, try it and plant it in their own fields. This made the peasants take note that these humble potatoes must actually be quite valuable. He planted fields of potatoes around his Berlin residence and had his royal guards “protect” them as if there were gold. So Frederick found an innovative way to convince his people of the value of the simple crop: he pretended that they couldn’t have it because it was too valuable. “What the farmer doesn’t know, he will not eat”. While Frederick wanted his peasants to begin farming the vegetable to help feed the people, they refused, saying While the potato was discovered by Europeans after the Spanish invaded South America in the mid-16th Century, it wasn’t initially popular back in Europe, as it was seen as having no taste or flavour and people were suspicious of it. But in Germany, he is known as “Old Fritz” and modernised many laws to make society more progressive, and is particularly famous for the innovative way in which he revolutionised agriculture using the humble potato. You may not have heard of Frederick the Second, ruler of Prussia from 1740 until 1786.
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In the UK, before 1967 (just over 50 years ago) homosexuality used to be punishable by sentences as harsh as life imprisonment. Indeed, being a homosexual was a criminal offense in many countries until recently ( and in many countries, it continues to be today), which will have prevented many historical figures from coming out of the closet. While homosexuality has often been associated with the arts and creativity, it has never been as openly accepted within the scientific community. There are just not many lists of famous homosexuals in these fields.
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I wanted to write an article celebrating the works of the most influential gay, lesbian, transgender and bisexual innovators, inventors and scientists throughout history. This month is Pride Month, during which time the LGBTQ community comes out in force to celebrate their identity.